From their introduction, sonnets were thought to be the first form in which the flow of memory and feeling could be expressed liberally but not necessarily publicly. They were often a private declaration of literature, rather than spoken or performed. In literal terms, the word comes from the Italian “sonetto,” translating to “little song.”
Shakespeare has become synonymous with sonnets and was responsible for popularising the form during the Elizabethan period. Establishing the common structure of sonnets that we associate today, the 14 lines of poetic verse of rhymed iambic pentameter. The form of sonnets is often divided into two parts: the proposition and the resolution. Their completed connection results from the turning point, the volta, as we too present a problem and then attempt to come to the solution. Sonnets mimic the flight of human emotion and fluidity of thoughts.
For the more modern poets, there’s a freedom to break away from the contained rhythm whilst still maintaining the fundamentals of a sonnet. For example, contemporary poet Marilyn Nelson wrote ‘The First Alzheimer’s Sonnet’ (2004). This is an emphatic exploration of the effects of Alzheimer’s through the lens of the first person. Playing on images which convey that loss of recognition. The devastating state of uncertainty within the illness is reflected in the turn of the sonnet. The turn acts to perpetuate a flurry of fear.
“What if for a brief moment the flame burns higher, as a thought forms of you, my dear, then passes back into oblivion?”
Turning to Sonnet 73 (1609), a Shakespearean sonnet. On a similar note, this sonnet explores the experience of loss of identity which arises through the years. In this circumstance, the speaker grows concerned of ageing and death. The form of the sonnet moves through the speaker’s thoughts, as we reflect on such issues ourselves.
“In me thou see’st the glowing of such fire/ That on the ashes of his youth doth lie”
In both sonnets, they transpire to create a feeling synonymous with its readers. In one sonnet, different moods can emerge at once. They define the voice of the speaker and the voice of the reader. These two sonnets bridge the traditional and the contemporary alternatives and are no less impactful regarding when they were written.
Sonnets are a timeless expression of human thought. I encourage everyone to explore them as a means of self and wider reflection.
“The Shakespeare, High Street, Lincoln” by Lincolnian (Brian) is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0.
